Hydrogen hybrid minibus in USSR

In the 1970s, various organizations related to the automobile industry of the USSR created and tested hydrogen vehicles such as Jigoulis or Moskvitch. In 1976, specialists from the Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR Kharkov made a prototype of Moskvitch-412 with a motor running on hydrogen.

In addition to the usual gas tank, they had mounted on the Soviet sedan a mini-reactor filled with a catalyst based mainly on oxides of various metals. While passing through this reactor, the water was subdivided into hydrogen and oxygen then burned in the engine cylinders. It should be noted that the hydrogen supply system was connected in parallel with the standard fuel system. The amount of water and catalyst mixture was injected into the reactor depending on the power required. The speed of the chemical reaction was controlled by the driver simply by pressing the accelerator pedal.